What is Dysthymia?

In the fall of 2022, I received a diagnosis that would change the way I understood my mental health. My therapist suggested I may have Dysthymia, a form of clinical depression that lasts for at least two years, with fewer but persistent symptoms compared to major depression.

According to the American Psychological Association, one must experience a depressed mood for a majority of the time, along with at least two of the following symptoms:

• Poor appetite or overeating

• Insomnia or excessive sleep

• Low energy or fatigue

• Low self-esteem

• Poor concentration

• Indecisiveness

• Hpelessness

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Although the diagnosis was not ideal, I experienced a sense of relief.

My friends had expressed surprise about my depression and anxiety, attributing it to my confident, outgoing, and put-together demeanor. In response, I had previously described myself as having "high functioning depression," intending to convey that positive and negative attributes can coexist in those dealing with depression and anxiety.

While it may sound like Dysthymia is a "minor" depression, it is a serious condition that can be more disabling than major depression for some individuals.

The American Psychiatric Association suggests an alternative definition that emphasizes symptoms such as anhedonia, social withdrawal, guilt, and irritability to highlight the impact on mood and personal relationships.

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Dysthymia is as common as major depression and is one of the most frequently encountered disorders by psychotherapists. The condition can develop from genetic predisposition, childhood and adult trauma, neurochemical imbalances, and social circumstances, similarly to major depression.

The stress and trauma that lead to Dysthymia often have a chronic onset, with studies indicating that the disorder develops gradually, rather than as a result of specific upsetting events. Depressed individuals tend to interpret every problem and misfortune in a discouraging manner, which exacerbates their condition. Depression can also isolate individuals, leading to low social support, which makes the symptoms worse.

Recovery and treatment for Dysthymia are possible through medication and psychotherapy, among other methods.

The severity of the symptoms, the patient's desire to explore the emotional issues affecting their lives, previous treatments, and their ability to tolerate medications determine the recommended course of action.

Dysthymia can impact several age groups, including young adults.

To all the 20-somethings, who are embarking on a journey full of transformations and transitions, I implore you to make your mental well-being a top priority. With newfound independence, first "grown-up" jobs, and building new relationships in unfamiliar surroundings, we are all on a steep learning curve.

In this post-pandemic world, where crisis after crisis haunts us, it is crucial not to be overly critical of ourselves. Let us be gentle with ourselves and those around us, giving everyone the grace to navigate this exciting yet challenging phase of life.